{"id":1094,"date":"2026-04-13T18:01:36","date_gmt":"2026-04-13T18:01:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/littleheroesfoundation.org\/?p=1094"},"modified":"2026-04-13T18:01:36","modified_gmt":"2026-04-13T18:01:36","slug":"all-statistical-analyses-were-performed-using-intercooled-stata-edition-10","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/littleheroesfoundation.org\/?p=1094","title":{"rendered":"\ufeffAll statistical analyses were performed using Intercooled STATA edition 10"},"content":{"rendered":"

\ufeffAll statistical analyses were performed using Intercooled STATA edition 10.1 (College Station, Texas). == Results == == == == Characteristics of study population: == All but 3 of the 1,158 IDUs were male; 98.6 per cent were Tamil and the median age was 35 yr (Table I). positive IDUs, 281 (70.3%) had persistent infection which was less common among hepatitis B-infected persons but not associated Fluvastatin<\/a> with HIV. Of the 13 samples sequenced, 11 (85%) were HCV genotype 3a. Fibrosis prevalence according to APRI was: HIV\/HCV-uninfected, 4 per cent; HIV mono-infected, 3 per cent; HCV mono-infected, 11 per cent; HIV\/HCV co-infected, 12 per cent (P<0.001). In addition to being associated with HCV and HIV\/HCV, fibrosis prevalence was higher among those drinking alcohol frequently; daily marijuana use was protective. == Interpretation & Conclusions: == Our findings show that IDUs in Chennai have high HCV prevalence and associated disease burden. The burden will increase as access to antiretroviral therapy improves particularly given the high prevalence of HIV, HCV and alcohol use. Rabbit Polyclonal to CCRL1<\/a> Keywords:APRI, HCV genotype, hepatitis C virus, HIV, injection drug users, liver disease Injection drug users (IDUs) are at high risk for blood-borne infections, including hepatitis Fluvastatin C virus (HCV). HCV prevalence among IDUs in most countries has been reported to be at least 50 per cent with some estimates exceeding 90 percent1. HCV can lead to chronic liver disease causing cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and end-stage liver disease among 5-20 per cent of infected persons2. HCV-associated liver disease progression tends to be accelerated among individuals who are older, drink alcohol and are co-infected with HIV3,4. In fact, liver disease among HIV+ IDUs in the developed world has become an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) as HIV-infected persons are living longer5. Less is known about the natural history of HCV among IDUs in developing countries, but as access to HAART improves in these countries, a similar pattern of HCV-related morbidity is expected. India is estimated to have 168,000 – 1.1 million IDUs6,7with HCV antibody prevalence ranging from 5 to 93 percent810; among HIV+ IDUs it is as high as 100 per cent11. Little data exist beyond antibody prevalence – Fluvastatin a marker of exposure to HCV – among IDUs in India. Characterization of viral persistence and liver disease burden is important because co-factors which may impact HCV pathogenesis are different in India (e.g., heavy alcohol use, high prevalence of infections such as tuberculosis, HIV subtype C and poor nutritional status). We characterized prevalence and correlates of exposure to HCV, HCV viral persistence, liver disease and circulating HCV genotypes among a community-based cohort of IDUs in Chennai, India. == Material & Methods == == == == Study population: == A prospective cohort study of IDUs [The Madras Injection Drug User and AIDS Cohort Study (MIDACS)] was initiated in Chennai, India in 2005 through YR Gaitonde Centre for Substance Abuse-Related Research (YRGCSAR). The primary objective of MIDACS was to characterize HIV incidence and the natural history of injection drug use among IDUs in Chennai. A convenience sample of 1158 IDUs was recruited via field staff who were acquainted with IDUs and their injection venues in Chennai as previously described12. To be included, participants had to be 18 yr, provide written informed consent and report a history of injection drug use in the prior six months. HIV negative participants were invited to return for semi-annual follow up visits and HIV+ participants were referred to an on-site HIV clinic where visits were structured based on clinical status. The study was Fluvastatin approved by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the YR Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education (YRGCARE) Institutional Review Boards. == Measurements: == At baseline, all study participants (n=1158) were tested for HCV.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\ufeffAll statistical analyses were performed using Intercooled STATA edition 10.1 (College Station, Texas). == Results == == == == Characteristics of study population: == All but 3 of the 1,158 IDUs were male; 98.6 per cent were Tamil … <\/p>\n

Continue reading “\ufeffAll statistical analyses were performed using Intercooled STATA edition 10”<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1094","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-androgen-receptors"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/littleheroesfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1094","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/littleheroesfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/littleheroesfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/littleheroesfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/littleheroesfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1094"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/littleheroesfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1094\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1095,"href":"https:\/\/littleheroesfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1094\/revisions\/1095"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/littleheroesfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1094"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/littleheroesfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1094"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/littleheroesfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1094"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}