{"id":1124,"date":"2026-05-05T22:23:43","date_gmt":"2026-05-05T22:23:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/littleheroesfoundation.org\/?p=1124"},"modified":"2026-05-05T22:23:43","modified_gmt":"2026-05-05T22:23:43","slug":"first-of-all-these-tags-are-small-being-shortened-versions-of-the-acp-and-pcp-tags78-a4-tag-fused-to-ngf-is-8-amino-acid-long-while-a1-and-s6-tags-fused-to-either-trka-or-p75ntr-are-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/littleheroesfoundation.org\/?p=1124","title":{"rendered":"\ufeffFirst of all these tags are small, being shortened versions of the ACP and PCP tags[7],[8]: A4 tag fused to NGF is 8 amino-acid long, while A1 and S6 tags fused to either TrkA or P75NTR are 12 amino-acid long"},"content":{"rendered":"

\ufeffFirst of all these tags are small, being shortened versions of the ACP and PCP tags[7],[8]: A4 tag fused to NGF is 8 amino-acid long, while A1 and S6 tags fused to either TrkA or P75NTR are 12 amino-acid long. into human TrkA and P75NTR sequences leads to the site-specific biotinylation of these receptors at the cell surface of living cells. Crucially, the two tags are labeled selectively by two different PPTases: this is exploited to reach orthogonal fluorolabeling of the two receptors co-expressed at low density in living cells. We describe the protocols to obtain the enzymatic, site-specific biotinylation of neurotrophins and their receptors as an alternative to their chemical, nonspecific biotinylation. The present strategy has three main advantages: i) it yields precise control of stoichiometry and site of biotin conjugation; ii) the Syringic acid<\/a> tags used can be functionalized with virtually any small probe that can be carried by coA substrates, besides (and in addition to) biotin; iii) above all it makes possible to image and track interacting molecules at the single-molecule level in living systems. == Introduction == Neurotrophic factors, whose prototype member is usually nerve growth factor (NGF)[1], are a family of secreted proteins that crucially regulate neuronal development, survival and plasticity both in the central and in the peripheral Syringic acid nervous system. Their biological activity stems largely from the binding of two membrane receptor types: the tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk) family and the p75 neurotrophin (P75NTR) coreceptor[2]. While most of the Syringic acid signaling cascades activated by NGF binding to TrkA and P75NTR receptors were identified, the impact on receptor dynamics caused by TrkA and P75NTR engagement by NGF and the regulation of their cellular traffic are far from being understood. In this context, techniques that make it possible to investigate the TrkA-NGF-P75NTR dynamic interplay in a physiological context (e.g. the intact plasma membrane and endosomes in living neuronal cells) can be decisive to unveil the molecular mechanisms governing their functional interactions. To date these issues were poorly explored largely owing to the lack of suitable experimental tools. Indeed these studies require to selectively label neurotrophins and their receptors in order to simultaneously detect them in living cells as three impartial signals. Ideally, labeling strategies should have the following properties: i) if labeling relies on the use of tagged constructs of the proteins of interest, tags should be as small as possible, in order to minimally interfere with protein functionality and with the formation of molecular complexes; ii) a 11 stoichiometry between the labeled protein and the probe should be obtained; iii) they should be versatile, in order to yield molecular Syringic acid species that can be derivatized with different probes, depending on the experimental needs (e.g.biotin, fluorophores, gold or magnetic nanoparticles); iv) they should allow the simultaneous differential labeling of at least two molecules that are supposed to form a complex (i.e. neurotrophin and one of its receptors, or two neurotrophin receptors). We previously exhibited that this insertion of the acyl carrier protein (ACP) tag[3]at the extracellular domain name of TrkA makes it possible to specifically label the receptor at the cell surface when the construct is usually transfected in living cells[4],[5]. The ACP tag belongs to a family of protein and peptide tags, which can be covalently conjugated to virtually Syringic acid Rabbit Polyclonal to SRY<\/a> any small-probe substituted phosphopantetheinyl (PP) arm of Coenzyme A (CoA) substrate by post-translational modification enzymes named PP transferases (PPTases)[6]. The ACP tag was shown not to interfere with TrkA receptor function[4]. When coupled to various fluorescent probes, this tool made it possible to monitor in living cells single TrkA movements and changes of oligomerization state upon binding of different biologically-relevant ligands including NGF and proNGF[5]. Here we demonstrate the insertion of an 8-amino-acids tag into the sequence of NGF and of 12-amino-acids tags into the sequence of the two NGF receptors, TrkA and P75NTR. These tags derive fromin vitroevolution.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\ufeffFirst of all these tags are small, being shortened versions of the ACP and PCP tags[7],[8]: A4 tag fused to NGF is 8 amino-acid long, while A1 and S6 tags fused to either TrkA or P75NTR are 12 … <\/p>\n

Continue reading “\ufeffFirst of all these tags are small, being shortened versions of the ACP and PCP tags[7],[8]: A4 tag fused to NGF is 8 amino-acid long, while A1 and S6 tags fused to either TrkA or P75NTR are 12 amino-acid long”<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1124","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cyslt1-receptors"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/littleheroesfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1124","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/littleheroesfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/littleheroesfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/littleheroesfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/littleheroesfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1124"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/littleheroesfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1124\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1125,"href":"https:\/\/littleheroesfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1124\/revisions\/1125"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/littleheroesfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1124"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/littleheroesfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1124"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/littleheroesfoundation.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1124"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}